the historical of arabic literature

ARABIC LITERATURE
(Arabic: الأدب العربي, al-Adab al-‘Arabī‎) is the writing produced, both prose and poetry, by writers (not-necessarily Arabs) of the Arabic language. It does not usually include works written using the Arabic alphabet but not in the Arabic language such as Persian literature and Urdu literature. The Arabic word used for literature is adab which is derived from a word meaning "to invite someone for a meal" and implies politeness, culture and enrichment.
Arabic literature emerged in the 6th century with only fragments of the written language appearing before then. It was the Qur'an in the 7th century which would have the greatest lasting effect on Arabic culture and its literature. Arabic literature flourished during the Islamic Golden Age and continues to the present day.
Arabic poetry
Non-fiction literature
Biography, history, and geography
Diaries
Literary theory and criticism
FICTION LITERATURE


Epic literature
Maqama
Romantic literature
Murder mystery
Satire and comedy
Theatre
Philosophical novels
The decline of Arabic literature
Never did he sing camel songs behind a scabby beast,
nor pierce the bitter colocynth out of sheer hunger
nor dig a lizard out of the ground and eat it...
Modern literature
Modern Asian literature
Arabic literature
Bengali literature
Chinese literature
Indian literature
Japanese literature
Korean literature
Nepalese literature
Pakistani literature
Vietnamese literature

Modern Arabic novels
Modern plays
Women in Arabic literature
Literary criticism
Outside views of Arabic literature
Noted authors
Poetry
• Ahmad ibn-al-Husayn al-Mutanabbi, (915–965)
• Abu Tammam
• Abu Nuwas, (756–815)
• Al-Khansa(7th century female poet)
• Al-Farazdaq
• Asma bint Marwan
• Jarir ibn Atiyah
• Ibn Zaydun
• Taghribat Bani Hilal forms part of the epic tradition.
• Mohamed Ghozzi
• THE RUBAIYAT OF SALAH AL-DIN IBN BIN DEEN
See also: List of Arabic language poets
Prose
Historical
• Antara Ibn Shaddad al-'Absi, pre-Islamic Arab hero and poet (fl. 580 CE).
• Muhammad al-Qasim al-Hariri (1054–1122)
• Al-Jahiz (776–869)
• Muhammad al-Nawaji bin Hasan bin Ali bin Othman, Cairene mystic, Sufi and poet (1383?–1455)
• Ibn Tufail, also philosopher
Modern
• Naguib Mahfouz, (1911-2006) Nobel Prize for Literature (1988), famous for the Cairo Trilogy about life in the sprawling inner city
• Mahmoud Darwish, prominent Palestinian poet, considered the best contemporary poet in the Arab literature.
• 'Abbas Mahmud Al-Aqqad, notable Egyptian author and thinker
• Zakaria Tamer, Syrian writer, noted for his short stories
• Tayeb Salih, Sudanese writer
• Abdul Rahman Munif
• Hanna Mina, Syria's foremost novelist
• May Ziadeh, pioneer female writer
• Ahlam Mosteghanemi, notable for being the first Algerian woman published in English
• Hanan al-Shaykh, controversial female Lebanese writer. Author of "The Story of Zahra"
• Ghassan Kanafani, Palestinian writer and political activist
• Elias Khoury, Lebanese novelist
• Sonallah Ibrahim, leftist Egyptian novelist
• Gibran Khalil Gibran, (1883-1931) Lebanese poet and philosopher
• Literary Arabic
• Arabist
• List of Islamic texts
• School of Salamanca
• Resalat Al-Ghufran
• Islamic science
• Islamic Golden Age
• Muhsin al-Ramli, co-founder of Alwah, a journal of Arabic literature
v • d • e
Arabic • العربية


Overviews Language • Alphabet • History • Transliteration • Numerology • Influence on other languages


Alphabet
Western numerals • Eastern numerals • Diacritics • Hamza


Letters ʾAlif • Bāʾ • Tāʾ • Ṯāʾ • Ǧīm • Ḥāʾ • Ḫāʾ • Dāl • Ḏāl • Rāʾ • Zayn • Sīn • Šīn • Ṣād • Ḍād • Ṭāʾ • Ẓāʾ • ʿAyn • Ġain • Fāʾ • Qāf • Kāf • Lām • Mīm • Nūn • Hāʾ • Wāw • Yāʾ


Eras Ancient North Arabian • Classical • Modern


Major varieties
Modern Standard Arabic (formal) • Maghrebi • Egyptian • Sudanese • Levantine • Arabian • Iraqi • Judeo-Arabic


Academic Literature • Names


Calligraphy
and scripts
Naskh • Kufic • Thuluth • Ruq'ah • Diwani • Muhaqqaq • Maghrebi • Hejazi • Mashq • Jawi • Pegon


Linguistics Phonology • Sun and moon letters • ʼIʻrab (inflection) • IPA • Grammar • Triliteral root • Mater lectionis